Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting tools– nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear, tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability.

Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle

Shaper – Types of operations. Drilling ,reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.

Abrasive processes: grinding wheel – specifications and selection, types of grinding process– cylindrical grinding, surface grinding, centreless grinding and internal grinding- Typical applications – concepts of surface integrity, broaching machines: broach construction – push, pull, surface and continuous broaching machines

Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining.