Review of Fundamentals of CPU, Memory and IO – Trends in technology, power, energy and cost, Dependability - Performance Evaluation

ILP concepts – Pipelining overview - Compiler Techniques for Exposing ILP – Dynamic Branch Prediction – Dynamic Scheduling – Multiple instruction Issue – Hardware Based Speculation – Static scheduling - Multi-threading - Limitations of ILP – Case Studies.

Vector architecture – SIMD extensions – Graphics Processing units – Loop level parallelism.

Symmetric and Distributed Shared Memory Architectures – Performance Issues –Synchronization – Models of Memory Consistency – Case studies: Intel i7 Processor, SMT & CMP Processors

Cache Performance – Reducing Cache Miss Penalty and Miss Rate – Reducing Hit Time – Main Memory and Performance – Memory Technology. Types of Storage Devices – Buses – RAID – Reliability, Availability and Dependability – I/O Performance Measures.