Classification of systems: Continuous, discrete, linear, causal, stability, dynamic, recursive, time variance; classification of signals: continuous and discrete, energy and power; mathematical representation of signals; spectral density; sampling techniques, quantization, quantization error, Nyquist rate, aliasing effect.

Z-transform and its properties, inverse z-transforms; difference equation – Solution by ztransform, application to discrete systems - Stability analysis, frequency response – Convolution – Discrete Time Fourier transform , magnitude and phase representation.

Discrete Fourier Transform- properties, magnitude and phase representation - Computation of DFT using FFT algorithm – DIT &DIF using radix 2 FFT – Butterfly structure.

FIR & IIR filter realization – Parallel & cascade forms. FIR design: Windowing Techniques – Need and choice of windows – Linear phase characteristics. Analog filter design – Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations; IIR Filters, digital design using impulse invariant and bilinear transformation Warping, pre warping.

Introduction – Architecture – Features – Addressing Formats – Functional modes - Introduction to Commercial DS Processors.