Causes of over voltages and its effects on power system – Lightning, switching surges and temporary overvoltages, Corona and its effects – Reflection and Refraction of Travelling waves- Protection against overvoltages.

Gaseous breakdown in uniform and non-uniform fields – Corona discharges – Vacuum breakdown – Conduction and breakdown in pure and commercial liquids, Maintenance of oil Quality – Breakdown mechanisms in solid and composite dielectrics.

Generation of High DC, AC, impulse voltages and currents - Triggering and control of impulse generators.

High Resistance with series ammeter – Dividers, Resistance, Capacitance and Mixed dividers - Peak Voltmeter, Generating Voltmeters - Capacitance Voltage Transformers, Electrostatic Voltmeters – Sphere Gaps - High current shunts- Digital techniques in high voltage measurement.

High voltage testing of electrical power apparatus as per International and Indian standards – Power frequency, impulse voltage and DC testing of Insulators, circuit breakers, bushing, isolators and transformers- Insulation Coordination.