UNIT 1:
Principles and need for protective schemes
Nature and causes of faults
Zone of Protection scheme
Methods of neutral grounding
Essential qualities of protection
Fault current calculation using symmetrical component
UNIT 2:
Operating principle of relays
Directional relay and non-direction relay
Distance and differential relay
Negative and frequency relay
UNIT 3:
Introduction about apparatus protection
Transformer application in protection scheme
Protection of transformer
Protection of transmission line
UNIT 4:
Introduction about protective relay
Phase and Amplitude comparator
Synthesis of various relay using static comparators
Block diagram of numerical relays
Transformer differential protection
Distance protection of transmission lines
UNIT 5:
Types of circuit breakers – air blast, air break circuit breakers
DC and AC circuit breaking
Re-striking voltage and recovery voltage
physics of ARCing phenomenon and ARC interruption
Current chopping - interruption of Capacitive current
Rate of rise of recovery voltage - resistance switching
selection of circuit breaker
