Learning: meaning and definitions - Basic principles of learning-Rote learning vs.meaning full earning-Techniques of active learning and their implications–Self-learning-Teaching:meaning and definitions- Characteristics of good teaching.

Meaning and definitions of diverse classroom-Teaching in a diverse classroom-Preparations of teachers of diverse classroom-Diversity in the classroom. Purpose of learning in and out of school- Importance of observation learning - advantages of learning outside the classroom-modern strategies of learning

Constructivism: Meaning and definitions- The nature of constructivist learners,and the nature of learning process.Pedagogical approaches to constructivism -Characteristics of learner - centered teaching and learning-Advantages of learner-centered teaching vs teacher – centered learning.

Model of teaching: Meaning, definitions, and function-Models: Philosophical teaching -models: Insight model (Plato) Impression model (Jhon Locke) and Rule model (kanl)-Psychological models: Basic teaching model (Robert Glasser), Interaction model (Flander) and Computer based model (Daniel Davis) – Modern teaching models;: Information processing models -, Personal models, social interaction models

Teaching: Concept, nature and characteristics: Concent knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological knowledge, professional attitude, reflective practice- Continuing professional development of teachers: Concept, process and strategies-Teacher’s professional ethics and accountability: Meaning, importance and dimensions- Recommendations of NPE 1968, NPE 1986,92, RTE Act 2009 and NPE 2020.