Mathematics: Meaning, nature and scope - Aims and objectives of teaching Mathematics in schools – Need and significance of teaching Mathematics - Values of teaching Mathematics.

Steps in planning a lesson: Setting lesson goals - Designing a unit plan - Designing a lesson plan - Bloom‟s Taxonomy of educational objectives - Formulating Instructional objectives at cognitive, affective and psychomotor levels - Structure of a four-fold lesson plan - Preparation of a model lesson plan - Types of test-items - Constructing test-items for formative evaluation in class.

Meaning of teaching – Understanding major teaching skills: Introducing – explaining – questioning - varying the stimulus - non-verbal cues – reinforcement - closure and fluency in communication - Practicing a mini-lesson with multiple - teaching skills (for 20 minutes): Observation and feedback on the practice of integration of teaching skills – Understanding major steps in teaching a mini-lesson: Motivation – presentation – interaction - reflection and summing up - Practicing a mini-lesson (for 20 minutes): Observation and feedback on mini-teaching. (Note: Teacher-Educators should give a demonstration of a mini-lesson by integrating major teaching skills (for 20 minutes) and they should demonstrate a mini-lesson by integrating major teaching steps in teaching.)

Teacher-centered methods: Lecture method – Analytical and Synthetic methods - Deductive and Inductive methods - Demonstration method - Team-teaching. Learner- centered methods: Project method - Peer tutoring/teaching by students- Individual activities - experiential learning- Teacher-guided learning- Problem-solving method- Small group/whole-class interactive learning: Student seminar - group discussion - Mixed-ability grouping - Maths through games and puzzles. Recent trends: Constructivist learning - Problem-based learning - Brain-based learning – Collaborative learning - Flipped learning - Blended learning - e-Learning trends - Video conferencing.

Print resources: Newspapers – Journals – Magazines – Mathematics Encyclopedias. Audio resources: Radio talk - audio tapes - DVDs/CDs. Visual resources: Pictures – charts – posters – photographs - flash cards - models. ICT resources: Radio – TV –Internet – multimedia - interactive whiteboard. Community resources: Fieldtrips - Mathematics exhibition/fair - Mathematics Laboratory/ Mathematics Resource centre - Mathematics club – Qualities of a good Mathematics textbook - Qualities of a Mathematics teacher.