Auditing– Origin – Definition – Objectives – Types – Advantages and Limitations – Qualities of an Auditor – Audit Programmes.

Internal Control – Internal Check and Internal Audit –Audit Note Book – Working Papers. Vouching –Voucher – Vouching of Cash Book – Vouching of Trading Transactions.

Verification and Valuation of Assets and Liabilities – Auditor’s position regarding the valuation and verifications of Assets and Liabilities – Depreciation – Reserves and Provisions - General Reserves--Provisions relating to published Accounts.

Audit of Joint Stock Companies – Qualification – Dis-qualifications – Various modes of Appointment of Company Auditor – Rights and Duties – Liabilities of a Company Auditor –Share Capital and Share Transfer Audit – Audit Report – Contents and Types.

Investigation – Objectives of Investigation – Difference between Audit and Investigation-Types of investigation –Audit ofComputerized Accounts – Electronic Auditing – Investigation under the provisions of Companies Act.